MinorEdit
The "minor edit" checkbox allows you to indicate that the changes you made are just minor (such as correcting spelling mistakes, changing keywords, making the page look right...) and are thus not worth logging to RecentChanges.
This helps to keep RecentChanges tidy.
In order to avoid such changes to go completely unnoticed all changes are logged into FullRecentChanges.
If you only change the way a page looks, it is a minor edit. If you add, change or remove content, it isn't.