4-4 6-3 enclosure, 3-3 invasion
In ordinary circumstances, invading the 3-3 point in a 4-4 6-3 enclosure leads to ko for life. However, if the player with the enclosure has strong supporting stones outside, then he or she may attempt to kill the invading stone outright.
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Standard josekis
There are two standard josekis for the 3-3 invasion, both leading to ko for life. If White wins this ko, then White captures at a, which can cause considerable damage to Black's position.
Charles Matthews has a commentary on GoBase on this joseki.
White can also interchange with
before starting the ko. But beware of the possibility of
playing at a.
Black ignores the ko
If Black cannot win the ko, then can minimize the damage, but it must be a concession to White. However,
to
lives unconditionally.
For standard joseki 1, a Black concession at can be answered by
or a. Which is the better move depends on the surrounding stones. In practice it would be hard to kill the corner after
: White must have many local ko threats such as b. Black would quite like to exchange Black c for White d, to relieve shortage of liberties around the cutting point at e - but this also helps White form eyes.
Another way Black can ignore the ko is to play at instead. After the
and
exchange, White can fix the corner and live unconditionally, but often White can simply tenuki because Black can only kill the corner through a ko - something that Black had originally avoided in the first place.
Black tries to kill outright
If and
kills outright, then usually White can cut at
. Without additional supporting Black stones, Black would be in serious trouble. If circumstances does not allow
, then a possible alternative is a.
Also note that if is played at b, then White lives at c.
Black can also attempt to kill outright by making the placement at . Here
is a possible reply, and if Black continues with a then White can push at b as before.
Other White plays
In some cases, it may also be possible to play at the diagonal move at . This move emphasizes the subsequent attachment at a, particularly if there is a White stone at
. Possible Black responses include b (attempting to revert to ko), c (emphasizing the subsequent jump into the corner at d), and e (allowing White to live unconditionally but in a low position and possibly hurting the White stone at
, if any).
This situation is not to be mistaken with 4-4 point, low approach, low extension, 3-3 invasion, the solid connection at here is not the normal move.
is usually inferior to directly starting a ko at a. Depending in circumstances, Black can choose to respond at b or c.
One of the simplest Black response is to simply bend at , but this simple move is also solid because it implicitly protects against the cutting point at a. White still can make a ko with
and
. If
is played at the descent at b, then the placement at c kills the corner unconditionally.
White takes the ko first at . For more details on this standard corner pattern, see tripod group with extra leg.
Although White takes the ko first, there is a distinct disadvantage for White if White wins the ko by capturing at a. Note that winning this ko does not threatening any outside Black stones.
Compare the above diagram with the ko in the standard josekis, either with or without the White a and Black b exchange. When White wins the ko in any the standard josekis, White captures at , seriously threatening Black's left side unless Black defends at c.
Locally dead, with cut aji
Another possible Black response is to jump down at , giving sufficient space for White to make only one eye in the corner. Typically
will push and
will block, and White can now choose to cut at a or clamp at b. Whether any of these moves will work out for either player will often hinge on the surrounding stones; without any supporting stones the result is often unfavourable for White.
If cuts,
is the only move. Subsequently, White may start a possibly large scale fight by pressing down at a, with the result heavily hinging on the surrounding stones. When there are no support stones around, it is sufficient for Black to play at b, and White cannot get a good result because locally the corner is dead. In the absence of supporting stones,
playing at c, Black d, White b to push Black low is unreasonable; Black a can push through.
White can also clamp at . This variation will typically be unfavourable for White because White's position will be low. However, Black has to watch out for the cutting point at a.
In any case, if White ends up in this position, White would be crawling along the second line. Repeated playing of this variation would allow the White player to get strong at crawl. White would be better off playing the 4-4 6-3 enclosure, 2-4 approach rather than the 3-3 invasion.
Descending at to separate the
stone is an overplay. After
and
, a and b are miai so Black's position collapses.
Discussion
kb: In my game, I continued with , giving up the corner for the side (I had a little bit of strength on the left side to support these stones).
My question, though, is what is the best way to continue locally in this situation (assuming Black has strength first in one direction, the other, both, and neither)? I didn't find any matches in Gobase.