There are three relations to be considered:
If the start position is caused by a (black or white) tsuke, the moves closest to both are hane and nobi, the moves closest to just one of them are clamp and hiki
A move in direct contact with an enemy stone and in (just) diagonal friendly contact.
A stretch in diagonal contact with an enemy stone and in direct contact with a friendly stone.
It strengthens the friendly stone by adding two liberties, and gives it direction. While it does not directly take away a liberty of the enemy stone, it obstructs a direction of development.
A move in second direct contact with an enemy stone on the other side of the enemy stone.
By reducing the number of liberties to two, it puts pressure on the hostile stone to choose direction.
This is often a bad way to attack, see four basic shapes under the ripped tobi section for more details.
A move in direct contact with a friendly stone is that touches an enemy stone on the other side of the friendly stone. By adding two liberties it strengthens the friendly stone.
It is only played when there are other enemy stones in the immediate vicinity (... as far as I could find in gobase, though I'm not yet good at using that. To me (16 kyu) this makes sense. Any counter-example or confirmation would be very welcome. -- mAsterdam.)
Though both push and bump combine a nobi from the friendly stone and a tsuke on the hostile stone, they are not called nobi-tsuke[02].
A move in direct contact with both an enemy stone and a friendly stone on different lines.
A move in direct contact with both an enemy stone and a friendly stone on the same line. Black bumps into the white stone.
Another move in direct contact with an enemy stone and in (just) diagonal friendly contact. This time the hostile stone is at keima. This combination of kosumi and tsuke in one move is called kosumi-tsuke[03].
footnotes
[02] Neither are they called tsuke-nobi, the term tsuke-nobi is used for a sequence of tsuke, hane and nobi.
[03] Both hane and kosumi-tsuke combine a kosumi (friendly) and a tsuke (hostile), but the hane is not called kosumi-tsuke[03]. Language is as language does. See also Japlish.